NABTEB Geography Syllabus For 2022

1. 1.2  Locatethephysicalandcultural feature in relation to the school

and its surrounding/environment

1. 1.3  Describetheinfluenceofphysical

and cultural features of the town/village on human activities

ii. iii.

iv.

o Vegetation o Climate

o

Drainage etc. Cultural features e.g. Church, mosque, market, roads, settlements etc. Direction andlocation of physical and cultural features within the town/village. Influence on human activities e.g. farming, fishery, pottery, trade, etc.

2.     Identifyandlocatethe physical and cultural

features of the

town/village.

3.     Explain the location of

physical and cultural features in relation to the town/village e.g. rivers, hills, streams, church, mosque, market etc.

4.     Draw a sketch map of the town/village

showing thelocation, direction, distance of physicalandcultural features in relation to the school.

2.1 Identify the localgovernment headquarters;

2.2 Locate the village/town, ward and LGA;

2.3 Explain the locationals relationship between the LGA and other local Government Areas in the state;

2.4 Describe the major physical features of the LGA in relation to the state.

ii.         Locational

Relationship

iii.         Physical characteristics

Ӣ Relief
Ӣ Vegetation
Ӣ Climate
Ӣ Drainage etc

iv. Economic Activities: E.g. transportation, agriculture, fishing,

trade, etc.

– –

a. b. c.

d. e. f.

Carry out field work Explain
Location, direction and distance wards/villages/towns in the LGA.

Physical characteristics of theLGA. Economic activities of the LGA.

Draw a sketch map of

the LGA;and Locate their village/town on the map,

Insert major physical features,
Show themajor economic activities of the LGA.

3.1 Identifythecomponentsofthe solar system;

3.2 Describe the position of the earth in relation to the sum and other planets;

ii.

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

Components of the solar system e.g. Mercury, Venus, Earthetc.
The earth

Size
Shape
Position in relation to the

2.     Use the model to identify and describe components of the solar system.

3.     Explain the:

Highlight the major features of the earthand other planets.

4.1 Describe the phenomena of earths rotation and revolution;

4.2 Explain the effects of the earths rotation and revolution

ii.         Effects of rotationand revolution;

• Day and night
• Axis
• Orbit
• Seasons
• Equinoxes
• Solstice
• Hemisphere, etc

demonstrate rotation and revolution

2.     Explain the effects of the earths rotation and

revolution

3.     Highlight three

major effects each of rotationand revolution

1. 1.1  Define latitude and longitude;
2. 1.2  Differentiate between latitude

and longitude;

1. 1.3  Describe the relationship

between latitude and major

regions of the word;

1. 1.4  Uselatitudeandlongitudeto

locate positions of towns,

countries, cities,etc;

1. 1.5  Deducedistancesandlocaltime

from latitude and longitude.

– – – –

i.

ii.

Latitude; Meaning of latitude

Equator
Latitudeand distances Relationship with major regions of the world (tropics of cancer and Capricorn, Arctic and Antarctic circles.

Longitudes: Meaning oflongitudes Time and time zones International dateline Grid references

– – –

– –

– –

–

– – –

Grid references. b. Explain

a.

Use the globe and map of the world to identify and explain:

Latitudes and longitudes Equator Meridian Greenwich mean time (GMT) International dateline

c.

The Equator Relationship with major regions of the world

The meridian and the time zones, etc.

Explanation on

how to Differentiate between latitude and longitude; Determine distances using latitude;
Calculate local time of placesfrom longitude

6.1 Identify the major spheres of the earth; 6.2 Identifythecomponentlayersofthe

earths crust;
6.3 Describethecharacteristicsofeach

Layer;
6.4 Draw and label the cross section of the

earths interior;
6.5 Explain the relationship between the

atmosphere, biosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere.

– – – –

ii.

iii.

iv.

– – –

Major spheres ofthe

earth: Atmosphere Biosphere Lithosphere Hydrosphere

Relationship between the three sphere.
Relevance to human activities.

Structure of the earth Crust
Mantle
Core

Ӣ Ӣ

Use diagram and

sketches to Identify earths major spheres Identify the structure of earth crust

b. Explain
Ӣ Composition of

the spheres

• Structure and

characteristics of crust, mantleand core

• The relationship between the three major spheres and their relevance to human activities

7.1 identify the major types of rocks; 7.2 Describe the structure of igneous

sedimentary and metamorphic rocks; 7.3 Statethedistinguishingcharacteristics

of different types of rocks;
7.4 Explain the process involved in the

formation of rock types;
7.5 Explain the importance and

disadvantages of rocks to man.

– Igneous
– Sedimentary – Metamorphic

ii. Characteristics of rocks – Structure
– Colour
– Texture

– Permeability
i. Mode of formation

of the rock types ii. Importance of

rocks to man

and classify rocks b. Explain

Ӣ Structure, colour, texture and

permeability of

the rocktypes Ӣ Process for the

formation of igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks

Ӣ Importance of the rock types

c. Prepare and album of rocks in

the locality.

8.1 Identify major mountain types;
8.2 Statethedistinguishingcharacteristics

of the different types of mountains; 8.3 Explain the processes involved in the formation of the different mountain

types;
8.4 Explain the importance and

disadvantages of mountains to man.

– – – –

Volcanic Fold Block Residual

i.

i. ii. iii.

Types of mountains

Characteristics of the mountain
Mode of formation of the mountain types Importance of mountains

Minerals Agriculture Communication Climatic effect etc

identify different

mountains types b. Take a tour of the

locality to observe highlands in the locality

c. Explain:
Ӣ Structure and

characteristics of the mountain types

Ӣ Process forthe

disadvantages of mountains to man

9.1Identify the major types of lowlands; 9.2Describe the characteristics of the

different types of lowlands; 9.3Explain the processes involved in the

formation of lowlands;
9.4 Explaintheimportanceoflowlandsto

man.

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

ii.

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

iii. iv.

Types of lowland: Valley

Coastal Plain etc.

Characteristics of Valleys

Plains Coastal areas.

Mode of formation of thelowlands. Importance of lowlands.

b. Use models, illustrative

diagrams, pictures and sketches to explain:

Ӣ Characteristics of the different types of lowlands

Ӣ Processes for the formation of

lowlands (valleys, plains and coastal areas)

Ӣ Importance of lowlands e.g.

Agriculture, minerals, timber etc.,

Ӣ Make models of the different types of lowlands

(a) Action of running water

10.1 Describe water as an energy system; 10.2 Explain Erosion processes of running

water;
10.3 Explain the transportional

processes/effects of running water in

landform development;
10.4 Discusstheerosionanddepositional

features of rivers;
10.5 Describeandclassifyriverbasinsinto

different types;
10.6 Name major river basins in Nigeria; 10.7 Explain the importance to community

and humandevelopment.

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

ii.

Water as an

energy system Slope or gradient

Shape of valley
Volume of river
Size of materials carried

Processes of river

erosion: Corrosion

Ӣ
Ӣ Attrition
Ӣ Hydraulic action

iii. Transportation processes

Ӣ Suspension Ӣ Saltation
Ӣ Solution

iv. Erosional features of rivers

Ӣ Gorges
Ӣ V-shapes valleys Ӣ Rivers captures Ӣ Waterfall
Ӣ Meanders

water
b. Use diagrams and

sketch to explain corrosion, attrition, hydraulic action ofrivers

c. Explain
Ӣ Erosion and

transportation

processes Ӣ Erosion and depositional

features of rivers

• Ox-bow lake
• Flood plains ”¢ delta

11.1 Identifyanddescribetheprocesses of wind erosion;

11.2 Explain the features of and mode of formation of landforms;

–ª inselberg
–ª Rockpedestal
–ª Zeugen
–ª Messaandbutto,etc;

11.3 Describe the features of wind deposition.

of formation of: Inselberg

Rock pedestal
Zeugen
Messa and butto, etc; Features and modes of formations of: Barchans
Loess
Self dunes, etc.

Ӣ

Use pictures, films models and sketches to:

Explain theprocesses of abrasion, attrition and deflation

b. Describe the features and formation of the following landforms:

• 3„4 inselberg
• 3„4 rock pedestal
• 3„4 zeugen
• 3„4 messa and butto,

etc.

c. Discuss the

sequential formation

and featuresof:

• Barchans
• Loess
• Self dune, etc

where features are found;
12.4 State the economic importance of

the features/landforms

• Cirque
• Artes
• Tan, etc

ii. Glacial features in lowland area:

• Roche mountains
• Crag and trail, etc

iii. Economic importance of Glacial features

• Explain the characteristics

features oflandforms

in glacialregion

• Using the world map,

locate the countries/regions where these landforms arefound.

• Explain their modes of formation and

economic importance

• Make annotated

diagrams of the landforms.

13.1 Distinguish between waves tides andcurrents;

13.2 Explaintheprocessofwave erosion;

13.3 Describe the characteristic landforms/features of coastal erosion anddeposition.

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

iii.

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

iv.

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

Waves/tides/currents (definition and characteristics
Erosional processes:

Corrosion Attrition Solution Hydraulic action

Erosional features Cape
Bay
Caves

Staves, etc Coastal deposition

Beaches
Spit
Bar
Marine dunes

2.     Use pictures, films and modelsto:

• Explain the meaning and characteristics of waves, tide and currents
• Explain erosional processes andcoastal landforms
• Identify and describe features of coastal erosion and deposition

c. Make annotated diagrams for

landforms

14.1 Define earthquakes;
14.2 Explain the origin and focus

of earthquakes;
14.3 Explain itscauses;
14.4 Locateearthquakeprone

regions on world map; 14.5 Describe the effects of

earthquakes on the environment

• Epicentre waves
• Shock waves

Causes of earthquakes:

• • Faults from collision

of tectonicplates

• • Sudden release of

stress Regions of earthquake

occurrence:

• • Tonga region
  • Chile-Argentina region
  • Fiji Islands
  • Mid-Atlantic ridge
  • Some Asian

Countries Effects ofearthquakes:

• • Displacement of

earth crust

• • Raising and lowering

of coastalrocks

Ӣ

Ӣ Ӣ

Ӣ

b.

Use documentary

films toexplain Meaning, origin/focus of earthquakes Causes ofearthquakes Earthquake regions and their characteristic features Effects of earthquakes on earths environment.

Supervise how to insert earthquake regions on a world map.

• Raising and lowering of ocean floor
• Landslides and cracks, etc

15.1 Identify vulcanicity;
15.2 Describe vulcanicity processes; 15.3 Locate volcanic regions on a world

map;
15.4 State the characteristics features of

landforms in the regions.

iii. iv.

Ӣ

– –

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

Ӣ

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

Meaning ofvulcanicity Processes;

Crustal disturbance Intrusion
Extrusion
Eruption

Emission, etc
Regions of occurrence Characteristic features of landforms in the regions

Instruction features/landforms: Silk
Dyke
Batholiths accoliths
Opoliths Phacoliths

Extension features: Composite cone
Java domes or shield Shield volcanoes Ash and cinder cones

• Vulcanicity processes
• Volcanic regions of the

world

• Intrusive features/land

forms in volcanic regions

• Extrusive

features/Landforms in

volcanic regions

• Effects of vulcanity

b. Insert volcanic

regions on a world map.

regions
16.4 Explain the importance of karst

region to man

– –

– –

–

– – –

i.

ii.

Karsttopographyregion Characteristics of karst topography:
Solubility

Absence of luxuriant vegetation cover Absence of drainage Joints and rugged topography

Dry surface valley, etc Features of karst regions – Surfacefeatures:

Grikes
Clints Swallow holes

2.     Use simple experiments,

–

Ӣ

Ӣ

pictures, maps and

documentaries to: Explain the characterstics of karst topography

Locate the karst regions aroundthe world especially in Nigeria

Explain surface and underground features ofkarst region

• Caves and caverns
• Limestone gorge
• Resurgence or spring
• Stalacties
• Stalagmites ”¢ Pillar

iii. Importance of Karst topography

c. Make annotated diagrams of karst

regions.

17.1 Explain the concept of denudation;

17.2 Identify denudational processes;

17.3 Explain the factors affecting denudation

Ӣ Ӣ

iii.

Ӣ Ӣ Ӣ

Meaning of denudation processes
Types of denudation processes

Weathering
Mass movement,etc

Factors affecting dendation: Relief
Climate
Human activities, etc

b.

c.
–

Use pictures, films and models to explain the meaning of denudation.

Take a field tour to denudation sites. Explain:

–
Supervise field work.

Denudation processes Factors affecting denudation

18.1 Define weathering; 18.2 Identifytypesof

weathering;
18.3 Explaintheprocessof

each type
18.4 Explain the effects of

weathering on the environment

Ӣ

Ӣ

Ӣ

ii.

Major concept:

Disintegration (expansion and contraction)
Decomposition (oxidation and carbonation)

Weathered debris,etc Types ofweathering:

– Physical(mechanical weathering):

• –  Temperature changes
• –  Wetting and drying
• –  Frost action, etc

– Chemicalweathering:

• Solution
• Oxidation
• Hydrolisis
• Hydration
• Carbonation

– Biological weathering

• Plants andanimals/burrowing
• Human activities

2.     Use pictures, films and models to:

Ӣ Explain the meaning of weathering.

c. Supervise field work on weathering processes

19.1 Define the concept of mass movements

19.2 Identifytypesofmassmovements 19.3 Describetheprocessesinvolvedin

the different types of mass

movement,
19.4 Explain the effect of mass

movement

ii.         Types of mass movements:

iii.

– –

Slow (e.g. creep, soil flow) Rapid mass movements (e.g. landslide, rock avalanche/rockfall, etc

Mass movement processes: – Soil creep:

• –  Weathered materials
• –  Gentle slope
• –  Water lubricates
• –  Heating and cooling
• –  Wetting and drying

– Soil flow:

• –  Rock fragments
• –  Down slope
• –  Freezing
• –  Thawing

– Landslides

• –  Souse rock
• –  Steep slope
  – Waterlubricates

Rock fall

Steep cliff, etc

iv. Effects of mass movements

movements.

2.     Show

documentary films on mass movements.

3.     Use pictures, sketches and

documentaries to:

• –  Explain types of mass

movements

• –  Explain mass

movements processes

d. Explain the effects

of mass movements onthe environment and human activities

20.1 Explain the meaning of the environment,

20.2 Identify the different types of environment;

20.3 Describe the components of the different environment;

20.4 Classify the different environments and their components into three major domains

20.5 Explain the importance of the environment to life

ii.         Types of environment

• –  Physical
• –  Social
• –  Cultural

iii. Domains ofthe environment

• –  Atmosphere
• –  Lithosphere
• –  Biosphere
• –  Hydrosphere

iv. Importance of the environment

2.     Explain the following:

• –  Classification of mans environment as

physical, social and

cultural

• –  The components of the

different types of

environment

• –  Recognize and re-

group componentsof the environment into three major domains (atmosphere, lithosphere and biosphere)

CONTENTS

21.1 Explain the concept of weather
21.2 Identify weather elements;
21.3 List the instruments for measuring weather 21.4 Describe the attributes of weather
21.5 Make accurate measurement of weather

elements
21.6 State the importance of weather on physical

and human activities

1. (i)  Meaning ofweather
2. (ii)  Weather elements
3. (iii)  Weatherrecords

• –  Temperature
• –  Rainfall
• –  Humidity
• –  Wind direction and

speed etc (iv) Attributes

– Variability
– Aerial extent
– Duration etc
(v) Importance of weather

weather

2.     Explain the

following:

• –  Weather elements
• –  Attitudes ofweather
• –  Importance of

weather on physical and human activities c. Demonstrate how

to make measurements and keep weather

records

22.1 Explain the meaning of climate
22.2 List major elements of climate
22.3 Distinguish between climate and weather; 22.4 Locate the major climatic regions on the

map of theworld
22.5 Explain the influence of attitude, latitude,

wind, ocean currents, etc on climate
22.6 State the importance of climate on physical

and human activities

– – – – – –

i. ii.

iii.

Meaning of climate Elements of climate
Attributes

Variability Aerial extent Duration, etc

iv. Factors affecting climate

v. vi.

Altitude Latitude
Slope
Ocean currents Cloud cover Winds, etc

Climate regions of the world Importance of climate on physical and human activities

climate

2.     Explain the

following

• –  Climate elements
• –  Attributes of climate
• –  Similarities and

differences between

weather andclimatic;

• –  Factors affecting

climate;

• –  Major climaticregions;

importance of climate on physical and human activities

23.1 Identify climatic factors;
23.2 Explain the effects of these factors on

weather and climate;
23.3 Identify and explain the characteristics of

major climatic types;
23.4 Locate and describe the distribution of the

climatic types.

– – –

ii. iii.

Distance from the sea Ocean currentsetc. 1. Climatic types: Temperature

Cold Desert, etc.

Characteristics: Temperature, Rainfall etc. Geographic distribution.

2.     Usemaps,diagrams and sketches to

identify major climatic

types.

3.     Explain the

characteristics of major climatic types/their geographic

graphs of the classification systems; 24.4 Group and locate major climates of the

world using the two classification

systems;
24.5 State the advantages and disadvantages

of the two classification systems.

– –

–
ii.

Tropical (torrid) Temperature (mid- latitude)
Polar (frigid).

Koppens classification: Major categories of:

3„4 A- A Tropical
3„4 B-A Dry climate
3„4 C-A Humid Micro- thermal
3„4 D-A Humid Micro- thermal
3„4 E-A Humid Micro- thermal Sub-categories of:
3„4 AAAF, AM and AW 3„4 BABS and BW
3„4 CACW, CS and DW 3„4 DADF and DW
3„4 EAET and EF.

iii.         Interpretation and characteristics of

the sub-

categories.

iv.         Geographical

distribution

v.         Advantages of the classification

types.

2.     Explain:

• –  Greek climatic

Classification system

• –  Interpretation and

characteristics of Koppen’s classification categories

• –  Geographic distribution of climatic regions in the classification series
• –  Advantages and disadvantages of each classification system.
• –  Advantages and disadvantages of each classification system.
• –  Plot temperature/rainfall graphs.

CONTENT

25.1 Define environmental resources; 25.2 Discuss the different types of

environmental resources.
25.3 Give examples of each type,
25.4 Relate human resource quality to size,

education, health etc.
25.5 Explain the importance of each type of

environmental resources.

Meaning of environment resources Types of environmental resources:

Atmospheric resources (e.g. sun, wind, biomass, oxygen and other gases, rain etc),

Water resources(eg. Waterfalls, plants, fishes and other water animals, etc),

Vegetation (eg. Timber, roots, leaves, barks, latex, fruits, fibres,etc), Mineral resources, Land resources. Human resources.

– –

–

– – –

iii. Importance of environmental

resources.

2.     Explain:

• –  Types ofresources
• –  Components of each

type of environmental

resources

• –  Quality of human

resources in relation to size, skilled and unskilled human resources, education and health, etc,

• –  Uses and importance of environmental

resources.

26.1 Explain the concept of renewable and non-renewable resources;

26.2 Giveexampleofeachtype;
26.3 State the advantages of each type

i.         Meaning and examples of renewable and non- renewable resources

ii.         Advantages and disadvantages of renewable non- renewable resources

documentaries to explain the meaning of renewable and non-renewable resources.

2.     Take a tour to identify renewable and non-renewable resources.

3.     Explain the advantages and

disadvantages of each type.

27.1 Describeenvironmentalproblemsand their causes;

27.2 Explain their effects on human activities;

27.3 Suggest solutions to the problems

i. Effects of environmental problems of human activities.

ii. Solutions tothe problems.

environmental problems and their causes.

2.     Use pictures and documentaries to

explain:

• –  Environmental problems

and their effects on

human activities,

• –  Solutions to the

problems.

28.1 Explain environmental conservation; 28.2 Discuss the different methods of

environmental conservation; 28.3 Give examples of each type; 28.4 Explain the need/importance of

environmental conservation.

ii. Environmental conservation methods:

• –  Afforestation and re- afforestation,
• –  Cover cropping,
• –  Improved farming techniques,
• –  Environmental education,
• –  Recycling,
• –  Legislation on waste

disposal.
iii. Importance of

environmental conservation.

b. Explain

• –  Types of

environmental

conservation.

• –  Needs and importance

of environmental conservation.

29.1 Explainthecausesofclimaticchange. 29.2 Discuss the consequences of climatic

change.
29.3 Explain measures the Nigerian

government can take to prevent or remedy the problems.

• –  Green-house effect
• –  Ozone layerdepletion
• –  Chloro-floro carbon (CFC)

gases

• –  Carbon emission
• –  Deforestation
• –  Gas flaring, etc

ii. Consequences of climatic change:

• –  Melting of ice caps
• –  Increasing temperatures
• –  High rainfall
• –  Submergence of coastal

cities

• –  Desertification
• –  Cancer and eye cataracts
• –  Emergence of new diseases
• –  Extinction of some plants

and animals,etc

• –  Remedies:
• –  Reformation
• –  Zero carbon emission
• –  Population reduction
• –  Introduce gas driven cars
• –  Stop use of aerosols
• –  Legislation, etc

pictures etc, to:

• –  Explain climatic

changes

• –  Explain causes and

consequences of these changes on human environment

• –  Give examples of observed

consequences of climatic changes in towns in Nigeria e.g regular flooding of coastal towns like Lagos and portharcourt,

• –  Desert encroachment in some cities in

Northern Nigeria,etc,

• –  Identify preventive

measures/remedies to the problems

30.1 Describe the location and position of Nigeria with reference to her latitude. Longtitude, boundaries and neighbours.

30.2 DescribeNigeriabysizeand distance.

30.3 Locatestates,localgovernmentareas and their headquarters on the political map of Nigeria.

• –  Latitude
• –  Longitude
• –  Boundaries and

neighbours.

ii. Size anddistance

• –  North to South
• –  East to West.

1. Political divisions:

• –  States and their capitals.
• –  Local governments and

their headquarters.

position of Nigeria with respect to her neighbours.

2.     (i) Describe the location of states and their capitals with reference to latitude and longitude.

3.     Determine the size, area and landmass of Nigeria

4.     Draw the political map of Nigeria and insert the

states and their headquarters onthe map.

31.2 Identify the major highlands; rivers/drainage systems in Nigeria;

31.2 Describe the climatic variations in the country;

31.3 locate and explain the vegetation belts of Nigeria;

31.4 Explain the importance and limitations of Nigerians physical setting.

• –  Highlands and lowlands
• –  Draining (major rivers,

river basins,etc).

ii.         Climate (the

season).

iii.         Vegetation belts.

(Savannah forest b belts).

2.     Explain the following:

• –  Nigerians climate,

characteristics of different

seasons, etc,

• –  Vegetation belts and their

characteristics,

• –  Merits and limitations of

Nigerians physical setting (relief, climate, vegetation, etc).

c. Draw maps showing

relief, climate and vegetation belts of Nigeria.

32.1 Explain the increase in growth of Nigerians population.

32.2 Account for the structure and distribution pattern of the population.

32.3 Describe the influence of HIV/AIDS and Ebola on population quality.

32.4 Explain population movement patterns and associated problems.

• –  Size
• –  Distribution and structure

ii. Population quality
iii. Population movement iv. Population data

distribution of the school and local environment.

2.     Explain the following:

• –  Population, size, distribution and

structure;

• –  Population quality,

factors influencingthe quality of Nigerians population.

33.1 Identify and classify the different resources found in Nigeria.

33.2 Locatewheretheseresourcesare found on themap.

33.3 Explain the importance of these resources toNigeria.

• –  Petroleum
• –  Gas
• –  Coal
• –  Tin/columbite
• –  Iron ore
• –  Lime stone. ii. Power:
• –  Petroleum
• –  Gas
• –  Coal
• –  Hydro Electric power (HEP)
• –  Solar Energy.

iii.         Water Resources (rivers, lakes, dams, sea, underground water).

iv.         Vegetation (tree crops, food crops, cash crops, timber, etc).

v. Vegetation:

• –  Forests
• –  Savannah
• –  Biosphere

vi. Importance of the Environment.

in Nigeria.

2.     Take a tour to observe local mining quarry

sites etc.

– Observe the

vegetation andwater resources withinand around the community.

c. Use a map to locate where

Nigerians major resources are found.

– Discuss the importance of these resources to Nigerians economy and development.

34.1 Describemajoragricultural practices inNigeria.

34.2 Identify major cash and food crops of Nigeria.

34.3 Locatewherethesecrops are found on the map.

34.4 Explain the importance of agriculture;

34.5 Discusstheproblemsof agriculture in Nigeria

34.6 Suggest solutions to the problems.

• –  Subsistence
• –  Mechanised
• –  Pastoral farming
• –  Crop rotation
• –  Mixed farming
• –  Shifting cultivation.

ii. Food and cash crops.
iii. Importance ofAgriculture. iv. Problems of Agriculture in

Nigeria

– –

a.

b.

Carry out a field work to observe agricultural practices

Use maps, pictures, documentaries, films and slides, etc to explain

Types of Agricultural practices, Nigeria’s major food and cash crops, and importance of Agriculture Agricultural problems in

c. Nigeria.
Draw the map of Nigeria and locate the major agricultural produce on the map.

(a) Transportation in Nigeria

35.1 Identifythemajormodesof transportation in Nigeria;

35.2 Draw maps of Nigeria showing road and rail transportation systems;

35.3 Discuss the advantagesand disadvantages of the different transportation modes;

35.4 Explain the problems of transportation in Nigeria;

35.5 Suggest solutions to transportation problems.

• Rail
• Water
• Air
• Pipeline
• Aerial ropeways
• Human and animal

porterage

i.         Advantages and

disadvantage of the different transportation modes

ii.         Problems of transportation

iii.         Influence of transportation on

human activities

films to help identify and describe major modes of transportation in Nigeria.

b. Explain:

• –  Advantages and

disadvantages of the transportation modes

• –  Transportation problems in Nigeria
• –  Influence of transportation on

human activities. c. Draw maps of

road and rail transportation systems in

Nigeria.

36.1 Identify the major communication networks/elements in Nigeria.

36.2 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the different communication elements/networks.

36.3 Explain the problems to communication in Nigeria.

36.4 Suggest solutions to communications problems in Nigeria.

i. Communication Networks:

• –  Telecommunication (e.g.

telephone services, cellular

phones, voice mails etc.)

• –  Post services
• –  Television Radio
• –  Newspapers
• –  Internet, etc

ii. Advantages and disadvantages of the different communication elements/networks.

iii. Problems of communication in Nigeria.

iv. Importance of communication onhuman activities.

2.     Take a tour to communication industries in the

community.

3.     Explain

• –  Advantages and disadvantages of

communication

systems,

• –  Communication

problems in Nigeria,

• –  Influence of

communication on human activities

37.1 Define manufacturingindustries; 37.2 Classify the industries as primary,

secondary, tertiary and quaternary

industries;
37.3 Locate the major industrial zones on a

map of Nigeria;
37.5 Identify problems ofmanufacturing

industries;
37.6 Suggest solution to industrial

ii. –

– – –

iii. iv.

v. vi.

Definition of industry

Types of industry Primary

Secondary Tertiary Quarternary

Major industrial zones Factors affecting location ofindustries Problems and solution Importance of manufacturing industries in Nigeria

industries in the

locality

2.     Use pictures,

films, documentaries, maps etc to explain:

• –  Types of manufacturing

industries

• –  Major industrial

zones

• –  Factors affecting

location of manufacturing industries

38.1 Identify major commercial activities in Nigeria;

38.2 Describethemajorcommercialareas in Nigeria;

38.3 Locate the major commercial zones on a map ofNigeria;

38.4 Discuss the importance of commercial activities;

38.5 Explain the importance of the stock exchange and capital Market to the commercial activities in Nigeria

–

– –

ii. iii.

Major commercial

activities

Trade
Ӣ Local, national, Ӣ International

• Stock exchange
• Capital Market ”¢ FOREX

Transportation Communication

Major commercial areas in Nigeria:
Importance of commercial activities

commercial activities in the locality.

2.     Use pictures, films,

documentaries, maps etc to explain:

• –  Nigerians trades, stock exchange, capital market,

FOREX etc

• –  Major commercial

zones

• –  Importance of

commercial activities.

39.1 Statethemeaningoftheacronym(ECOWAS). 39.2 Identify ECOWAS member states.
39.3 Explain the purpose for which ECOWAS was

formed.
39.4 Statetheadvantageanddisadvantagesof

ECOWAS.
39.5 Suggest solutions to ECOWAS problems.

iii.         Purpose/mandate of

ECOWAS

iv.         Advantages and

disadvantages

v.         Solutions to ECOWAS

problems

2.     Obtain information from the internet on:

• –  ECOWAS member states
• –  Purpose and mandate, merits and problems of ECOWAS

c. Explain solutions to ECOWAS.

4.     Visit internet café for information on

ECOWAS.

5.     Locate themember

states on a map..

40.1 Define maps;
40.2 Identify with examples the differentiate

between map andplan
40.3 Differentiate between map and plan 40.4 State the uses of maps;
40.5 Identify and describe types of scales and

their attributes;
40.6 Statethemeritsanddemeritsofthevarious

types of scales;
40.7 Convertfromscaletoactualmeasurements.

– – –

–

i.

ii.

Maps

Definition Types Examples Uses

Scales and

conversion Types

Attributes
Merits and demerits of eachtype
Scale conversion

2.     Identify maps and sort them into different classes/types.

3.     Explain the following:

• –  Meaning, types and

uses ofmaps;

• –  Scales, types,

attributes of different types of scales, merits and demerits of each type.

• –  Demonstrate measurements of distance in scale
• –  Convert scale measurements to

actual measurements.

41.1 Identify units for expressing map distance; 41.2 Measure distance on a map and convert it

to actual distance;
41.3 Convert actual distance to a map

ii. Conversion

• –  Conversion from map distance to

actual distance.

• –  Conversion of actual

distance to map distance

2.     Identify units uses in expressing distances in the map.

3.     Determine actual distances of physical settings (e.g. Length of rivers, distance between two cities measures as crow files distances or curvilinear distances, etc) from map distances.

4.     Convert measurement of actual distances to map distances.

42.1 Reduce a map to a given proportion.
42.2 Enlarge a map to a given proportion.
42.3 Plot details on enlarged/reduced maps. 42.4 Compareandcontrastscalesonanenlarged

map and a reduced map.
42.5 Write new reduced/enlarge maps.

– Grid/square method ii. Scales (small/large

scales).

2.     Demonstrate map reduction and

enlargement.

3.     Help and guide how

to:

• –  Enlarge/reduce maps.
• –  Compare details e.g. numbers, scales, etc on enlarged andreduced maps.

43.1 Define contour lines;
43.2 Identify and interpret physical features as

represented on amap;
43.3 Identifyandinterpretculturalfeatureson

maps;
43.4 Explain the effects of physical and cultural

features on human activities.

ii. Physicalfeatures:

• –  Ridges
• –  Spurs
• –  Valleys
• –  Hills
• –  Plateau
• –  Rivers etc

iii. Cultural features:

• –  Roads
• –  Settlements
• –  Schools
• –  Communication lines
• –  Markets, etc

cultural features.

2.     Demonstrate how

to identify and interpret cultural features on a map.

3.     Explain the relationship

between physical and cultural features onhuman activities.

44.1 Identify major cardinal points;
44.2 Describe ways of showing direction; 44.3 Indicate and determine direction and

bearing on amap;

• –  True and magnetic north
• –  Magnetic variations
• –  Angular bearings and

compass direction

2.     Find directionsand bearings of points on the field.

44.1 identify major cardinal points;
44.2 Describe ways of showing direction; 44.3 Indicate and determine direction and

bearing on amap;
44.4 Usedirectionandbearingtofindthe

location of points on the field.

• –  True and magnetic north
• –  Magnetic variations
• –  Angular bearings and

compass direction

and compass

directions.

2.     Find directions and bearings of

points on the

field.

3.     Locatethemajor

cardinal points (i.e. north, south, east, west,north- east, north-west, south-east, south west) etc.

4.     Solve problems using examples

from topographical

maps

45.1 Identify physical features on topographical maps.
45.2 Describe methods of representing these features (relief)on maps.
45.3 Construct topographical maps using the methods to represent physical features in their discrete forms.

• –  Valley
• –  Spur
• –  Pass
• –  Knoll
• –  Conical Hills,etc.

ii. Methods of

representing

relief

• –  Contour
• –  Hill shading
• –  Relief colouring
• –  Spot heights
• –  Hachure, etc.

2.     Use maps, models etc to help

recognize relief

features on maps.

3.     Use sand trays

and ashes to demonstrate the formation of contour lines.

4.     Explain methods of representing

relief features on maps.

46.1 Identify and describe different modes of transportation.
46.2 List transportation means associated with each mode.

46.3 Highlight the merits and demerits of each transportation mode/mean;
46.4 Explain the contributions of transportation to economicdevelopment. 46.5 Identify transportation problems and suggest ways of solving them.

ii.

1. iii.

– – – – – –

Modes of transportation:

Road
Rail
Water
Air Pipeline Cable, Etc.

Transportation

means.
Merits and demerits of

each type. Importance

• –  Movement of people and commodities
• –  National and international trade
• –  Transfer of ideas and technology
• –  National integration
• –  Transportation

problems.

pictures, etc to identify major transportation types.

2.     Explain the merits and demerits of

each type in

terms of:

• –  Accessibility
• –  Flexibility
• –  Haulage capacity
• –  Speed, etc.

c. Describe

transportation problems and proffer solutions.

47.1 Identify and classify industries
47.2 Discuss the major industries in Nigeria and other parts of the world.
47.3 Locate major industries area in Africa, Asia, Europe, America, etc.
47.4 Describe the factors that encouraged these locations.
47.5 Identify and discuss the problems of industrial development in Nigeria and the rest of the world.
47.6 Industrial development in Nigeria and the rest of theworld.

ii.

iii.

Classification of industries:

– – –

–

– – –

Ӣ Primary Secondary Tertiary Quatemary

Ӣ Heavy industry Light industry

Factors affecting

industrial location Raw materials Markets
Capital, etc.

Problems of industrial location.

on the world

map:

• –  Identify and

describe major industries of the world

• –  Classify the industries
• –  Discuss The factors

the encouraged spatial differentiation in industrial location.

b. Visit industries in their locality and observe production processes and interview workers in the industry.

48.1 Describeworldpopulationintermof size, density, structure and distribution patterns.
48.2 Account for the variation in world population.

–ª Size
–ª Distributionpatterns –ª Density
–ª Structure

      ii.         Factors affecting population distribution

–ª Climate
–ª Relief
–ª Soil
–ª Water
–ª Mineral,etc.

2.     Explain the influence of

climate, relief,soil, water, mineral resources, etc on population density and distribution.

3.     Make sketches of world population

distribution on a map.

49.1 Identify types of settlements;
49.2 Describe each settlement type in terms of population, economy, administration, etc; 49.3 Explain the influence of soil weather, etc. On settlement location;
49.4 Identify and explain the major settlement patterns;
49.5 Explain the factors responsible for the development of each patterns.

– – ii.

– – – iii.

iv.

– – – – – v.

Types of

settlements:

Urban Rural

Characteristics of urban and rural settlements:

Population Economy Administration, etc.

Factors of settlement location (soil, weather, etc). Settlement patterns:

Nuclear
Dispersed (scattered) Linear
Isolated
Conurbation

Factors of development of each pattern.

identify human

settlements

2.     Take a tour on

field work to observe human settlement patterns in the locality

3.     Explain:

• –  Settlement types
• –  Characteristics of

urban and rural settlement location

• –  Settlement patterns and their developmental factors.

501 Discuss types of settlements interactions;
50.2 Explain settlements interaction patterns with respect to migration.

– – –

ii.

– – –

Commercial Cultural Administrative, etc

Interaction patterns: Urban-rural Urban-urban Rural-rural, etc

2.     Use diagrams, sketchesand flowcharts toexplain:
– Types ofinteractions
– Settlement migration
– Factors responsible for

migration of settlements

ii. Reclamationmethods: –ª Afforestation

iii.

–ª

–ª –ª

–ª

Constructionof barriers Sandfilling Constructionof drainages Control oferosion head, etc.

Importance of land reclamation.

2.     Take a tour to land reclamation sites.

c. Explain
Ӣ Methods ofland Ӣ Reclamation

importance of land
Ӣ Reclamation organize

and supervise Ӣ community

development project on reclamation

52.1 Define trade;
52.3 Explain the different types of trade;
52.3 Explain why trade occurs;
52.4 Explain the importance of trade.

–

– iii.

iv.

– – –

Definition of trade Types oftrade:

National International

Reasons for trade Importance of trade:

Social Political Economic, etc

2.     Use documentaries, illustrations, picturesand photographs to:

• –  Explain the meaning of trade
• –  Identify types of trade
• –  Explain the economic,

social and political importance of trade

– – – – –

Meaning of tourism Tourist centres Justification fortourism:

Leisure
Recreation Education Importance of tourism Problems oftourism

2.     Use documentaries, illustrations, pictures and photographs to:

• –  Explain the meaning of tourism
• –  Locate world tourist centres and identify the attractions to the places
• –  Explain economic, social and political importance of tourism.
• –  The problemsand solutions of tourism

54.1 ExplainthemeaningofGIS and geographicdata;
54.2 Describethesourcesof geography;

54.3 Distinguishbetween geographic data andGIS; 54.4 State the importanceof geo-referencing;

54.5 State the uses of the GIS and geographic data.

– –

iii.

Geographic Information System (GIS) Geographic data:

–ª Meaning/Examples Line for river, roads, rails, etc.
Points for boreholes, building, settlements, towns, farms,etc.

–ª Sources(maps,field work, satellite images, etc.).

Importance of geo- referencing, geographic data and the GIS.

2.     Carryout field work to: –ª Collectgeographic

data,
–ª GISlaboratory.

3.     Participatein group discussion on:

–ª Geographicdata e.g. maps, data from field work,

satellite images etc; –ª Geo-referencingfor

GIS data.

1. Explain the importance of geo-referencing.

55.1 IdentifyGIShardwareand software;
55.2 State the uses of the GIS software;

55.3 Distinguishbetween positional;
55.4 and relational data 55.5 State the rules for GIS;

• –  Digitizer
• –  Global positioning system

(GPS)

• –  Computer
• –  Printer
• –  Scanner, etc.

ii. Software for:

Data Positional Relational

Procedures: sets of rules
People: experts

Computer, etc b. Explain:

• –  Data types (positional and relational data
• –  GIS procedures/sets

of rules

• –  Human

components of GIS, their training/qualificat ion

56.1 Identify sources of data in GIS environment;
56.2Collect data forGIS

• Land surveying
• Remote sensing
• Map digitizing
• Map scanning
• Field investigation
• Tabular data,etc

2.     Take a field work to collect

geographic data, using various methods

3.     Supervise field work

57.1 Define the following concepts, remote sensing, satellite and satellite remote sensing;
57.2 Explain the applications of remote sensing;

57.3 Explain the relationship between remote sensing and GIS.

• –  Remote sensing
• –  Satellite
• –  Satellite remote sensing

ii. Application of

satellite remote

sensing:

• –  Foresting
• –  Environment
• –  Agriculture
• –  Telecommunications
• –  Transportation
• –  Emergency response, etc

iii. Relationship

between GIS and remote sensing

– Remote sensing – Satellites e.g Nigeria Sat-1, IKONOS, SPOT

radar, NICOM

Sat-1, ERS-1 etc – Satellite remote

sensing

2.     Take a field work to

satellite remote

sensing site.

3.     Supervise field work.

4.     Explain applications of

remote sensing and the relationship between GISand remote sensing.