Abu Zaria Electrical/Electronics Engineering Courses

Magnetic fields in and around current carrying conductors; Conduction and displacement currents; Derivation of Maxwell’s equation in curl form from Faraday’s and Ampere’s laws;

Time varying electric and magnetic fields in free space; The wave equation; Plane waves in vacuum, dielectric conducting and lossy media; Skin effect; Polarization of waves; Poynting’s vector and energy propagation in free space.

Boundary conditions; Plane waves in unbounded dielectric media; Reflection and transmission of plane waves.

EM RADIATING SYSTEMS Antennae: isotropic antenna, elementary dipole near the far fields; Antenna parameters; Half-wave antenna; Practical antenna e.g. loop, horn and parabolic.

DATA REPRESENTATION IN COMPUTER: The binary number system and arithmetic; One’s and two’s complement arithmetic; Addition with negative numbers, carries and overflows; Sign and magnitude notation;

Representation of non-numeric data; The ASCII character set; Text encoding and string; Alphanumeric ordering; Representation of fractional numbers; Radix conversion; Rounding; Floating-point representation; BCD representation and arithmetic.

BOOLEAN ALGEBRA: Review of elementary digital concepts; Switching properties of electronic devices; Switching and wave-shaping circuits; Logical variables and functions and standard forms; Min-term and max-term designation of functions.

MINIMIZATION TECHNIQUES: Calculus; K-maps; Quine-Macluskey technique; Veitch Maps.

BASEBAND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION: Digital signaling formats (NRZ, RZ); Line encoding: BNZS, HDB-3; Errors in digital transmission and error models; Linear reception techniques:

maximum likelihood receiver; Integral reception method etc; Phase correction techniques in linear reception; Asynchronous and synchronous transmission.

ERROR CORRECTION: Coding theory and abstract algebra; Source coding (Fano-Shannon, Huffman algorithms); Channel coding; Classification of codes: Linear block codes, Hamming, cyclic, BCH, RS convolutions codes; ARQ systems; FEC system.

BANDPASS DIGITAL TRANSMISSION: Traditional digital modulation techniques: FSK, PSK and QAM; State of the art techniques: MSK, CPM etc; Performance of modulation in fading channels; Criteria governing modulation section; Modems and equalization.

PROTOCOLS: The OSI reference model: Lower level protocols: RTSP, RTP, TCP/IP, RSVP; Application level protocols: HTTP.FTP, etc.

SYNCHRONIZATION AND TIMING CONTROL: Clock recovery; carrier recovery; scrambler-descrambler, and encryption.

Fan-in and fan-out; Common logic ICs: AND OR NAND NOR XOR XNOR and NOT; Combinational logic circuits; Multiplexers, comparators, half-adder and full-adder; Design with NAND/NOR; Multiple output circuits; Noise in combinational circuits.

CLOCK GENERATION CIRCUITS: Design and analysis of multivibrators; Schmidt trigger circuit and time-base generators using discrete transistors and digital ICs; Interfacing of logic families.

MSI CIRCUITS: Different scales of integration;. Multiple output circuits;. Design of MSI circuits; Speed constraints; Noise in MSI circuits.

SEQUENTIAL DIGITAL CIRCUITS: Output function of sequential circuits; Mealy-Moore circuits; Flip-flops (SR JK. T and D); Counters:

Binary, Modulo-N, up-down; Registers: Input/output circuits; Synchronous circuits: clocking, clock rate, skew; Fundamentals of sequential finite state machines; Introduction to the design of sequential systems; Algorithmic state machines; Programmable logic arrays (FPGA etc)

characters; Binary Coded Decimal (BCD); bit-field representations (microcontroller instructions and time); hexadecimal representation; and number base conversion.

ARCHITECTURE: Von Neumann and Harvard microprocessor/microcontroller architectures; the Von Neumann bottleneck; data paths and control paths in a simple microcontroller architecture (based on a16/32/64bit PIC/Atmel/AVR, etc);

load and store operations; and relative jump (branch) instructions to control program flow. 16/32/64-Bit PIC/Atmel/AVR, etc

INSTRUCTION SET: instruction types; addressing modes; instruction formats and decoding; and subroutine calls and the stack.

DIGITAL INTERFACING: general-purpose digital input/output resources on the 16/32/64bit PIC/Atmel/AVR,etc; structure of a general-purpose digital input/output circuit; tri-state and Schmidt trigger buffers; and programming input/output ports.

PROGRAMMING AND APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT: System or application development using a 16/32/64bit PIC/Atmel/AVR,etc

Network Components and Devices; OSI and TCP/IP Models and Protocols; Switching and Routing protocols; Routing Algorithms and Metrics;

IP Addressing Organization and Subnets; Classless Routing and Introducing IPv6; LANs, SANs, WANs, MANs, WLANs etc: Physical structures and access protocols;

Network troubleshooting tools; Introduction to network design using Packet Tracer; The Internet and Domain Name System (DNS).

COMPENSATORS: Design and analysis of Lead, Lag and Lead-lag compensators.
INTRODUCTION TO NON LINEAR SYSTEMS: Common types of non-linearities; Some effects of non-linearities on close-loop control systems; The describing function method of analysis and the phase-plane method.

DIGITAL CONTROL SYSTEMS: Introduction; Types of signals and systems; Sampled data systems; ADC, DAC and Sample-and-Hold circuits; Characteristics roots; Z-transforms;

Relationship between Z- transforms and Laplace transform; Sampling theorem with respect to digital control; Z-plane stability analysis using Jury’s methods and bilinear transformation; Digital compensation. Introduction to microprocessor- based control.

Test characteristics of electrical and electronics components; Designing for higher reliability; Packaging, mounting and ventilation; Protection from humidity, dust etc.

Spectral transforms and their applications in synthesis of high-pass and band-pass filters; Digital fillers; Digital transfer function; Aliasing;

One-dimensional recursive and non-recursive filters; Computer techniques in filter synthesis; Realization of filters in hardware and software; Basic image processing

Logic design with MOS. Architecture and design of system controllers. System timing. Highly concurrent systems and their suitability for VLSI implementation. Signal processing using MOS technology.

Standard cell design methodologies with emphasis on layout design, circuit and parasitic element extraction and verification of circuit performance via simulation tools. Design of functional blocks of digital ICs using SPICE.

NARROW-BAND NETWORKS (N-ISDN): Access networks: architecture and planning. Leased lines. XDSL. Plan flexibility points. ISDN basic rate access architecture. S, T, and U interfaces. ISDN D channel protocol.

Exchange Area Networks. Long haul transmission networks (principles and architecture: layering and partitioning). Network synchronization schemes in plesiochronous digital hierarchies (PDH).

Network management: routing control algorithms, flow control algorithms. Signalling: (CCITT No. 7 AND CCS 7).. Routing and numbering plans. Practical network transmission planning.

BROADBAND NETWORKS (B-ISDN): Networks: structure and elements (customer network, access network, core network). S, T, R interfaces. Synchronous digital hierarchies (SDH) transmission.

Cell-based transmission. Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). Requirements for B-ISDN signalling. Interworking with other networks. Broadband network evolution: island, substitution, overlay, etc. New network architecture.

NETWORK MAINTENANCE: Maintenance philosophy and organization. Performance objectives. Maintenance access points. Localizing network faults. Hardware and software faults.

Field distribution in air-gaps. Schwartz problems. Christoffel transformation. Numerical analysis and simulation. Quasi-stationary magnetic fields.

Eddy currents and braking power. Wave-guides: E and H wave modes. Field patterns in rectangular wave-guides. Propagation characteristics.

Representation of signals by orthogonal functions. Orthonormal functions. Representation of signals by interpolation. Signals as vectors. Gram-Schmidt procedure.

DISTORTIONS AND PERTUBATIONS: Linear distortion, Inter-symbol interference (ISI). Non-linear distortions. Radio noise and interference and their suppression.

COMMUNICATION SOURCES AND CHANNELS: modelling of communication sources and communication channels, measures of information, Gaussian sources and channels, etc.

Performance criteria and limits of communication systems: introductory concepts, energy utilization efficiency (EUE), bandwidth utilisation efficiency (BUE), bandwidth expansion factor, signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR), probability of error. Shannon’s threshold capacity curve,

theoretical limits on performance of digital communication systems and the concept of an ideal communication system. The (Pe/SNR, EUE, BUE) parameter planes. Representation of the major communication systems on the parameter planes. Comments, comparisons and discussions.

PRINCIPLES OF SOURCE AND CHANNEL CODING: source encoder-decoder (the prefix of a binary sequence, prefix code, Kraft inequality, defining an optimum code, Shannon’s first coding theorem, etc.). Channel capacity.

Error control coding (Shannon’s second coding theorem, linear block codes, convolutional codes). Interleaving-deinterleaving. Line codes and digital modems.

PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL: Production control in intermittent manufacturing. Production control in continuous manufacturing. Planning and controlling in project management. Project scheduling (CPM, PERT etc)

QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS: Quantitative and qualitative analysis in decision making. Markov chains and their theory. Inventory theory and management. Simulation.

ENGINEERING DESIGN: The role of the electrical engineer in services design and implementation.

submit a comprehensive report in accordance with Departmental guidelines, and defend the project at the end of the session. A project status report is to be presented at the end of first semester.

Multipath. Loss and fading.
RF COMPONENTS: Directional couplers/duplexes. Quadrature hybrids.Circulators. Isolators. Attenuators. Microstrip filters.

RF FREQUENCY GENERATION CIRCUITS: Oscillator circuits. Digital frequency synthesizers. Mixer circuits. Frequency multiplication circuits.

RF AMPLIFIER CIRCUITS: Low noise amplifier. Intermediate frequency amplifier. Power amplifiers.

RADI SYSTEM DESIGN: Fade margins. System gain. Frequency diversity. Space diversity. Angle diversity. Adaptive equalization. Radio link design. CCIR recommendations related to system designs.

Dimensions. Geometrical optics (step-index, graded index fibre, fibre optic standards).
OPTICAL SOURCES AND TRANSMITTERS: Light emitting diodes. Semiconductor Lasers and their structures. Laser diodes. Laser modes. Optical transmitters. Optical amplifiers.

OPTICAL DETECTORS AND RECEIVERS: Photodiode receiver. APD receivers.Receiver sensitivity, degradation and performance calculation. Pre-amplifier design: high-impedance FET amplifiers.

SPLICES, CONNECTORS AND COUPLERS: Mechanical splices. Fusion splicing.Multiple single fibre splicing. Connectors: multi-fibre bundle connectors and couplers.

Star couplers. Directional couplers. Data bus configuration. Data bus multiplexing. .Coupling efficiency. .Integrated optical circuits.

SYSTEM DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE: System arcitectures. Operating wavelengths and system limitations. System design: Power budget. Rise time budget. Sources of power penalty. Simplified design procedure.

SATELLITE LINK DESIGN: Basic transmission theory. System noise temperature and G/T ratio. Design of downlinks. Domestic satellite systems using small earth stations. Uplink design. Design of satellite links for specified C/N. Propagation on earth-satellite paths and its influence on link design.

EARTH STATION TECHNOLOGY: Earth station design. Basic antenna theory. Design of large antennas and small earth station antenna. Equipment for earth stations.

APPLICATIONS: Satellite TV. Direct broadcast satellites. Telephony, etc MULTIPLE ACCESS: FDMA, TDMA, CDMA. Estimating channel requirements (fixed assigned and demand assigned schemes). Practical demand access systems. Random access and multiple access with on-board processing.

Evaluation of selected secondary batteries: electrical, operational and comparative characteristics. Maintenance of storage batteries. Maintenance modes.

Charging of storage batteries. Charge-discharge mode. Standby and buffer modes of operation. Charging devices. Semiconductor AC-DC converters (rectifiers). Motors. Generators

PRINCIPLES OF INVERTER CIRCUITS: Controlled rectifier: theory and characteristics. Inverter principles(rectification, inversion, etc). Mechanical and transistor switch inverters.

Phase controlled rectifiers and AC line voltage commutated inverters. Series, parallel capacitor commutated inverters. Inverter voltage control. Improving inverter output waveform.

DC-DC inverter-rectifier. Time rati control (TRC).Variable frequency TRC. Constant frequency TRC. Converter for stepping up voltage. SCR DC-DC power converters (push-pull, flyback and forward converters.).

AC-DC converter design. Power supplies using ICs. DC-DC high voltage power supply. DC-DC supply with multiple outputs.

SCR voltage stabilizer. Special purpose power supplies: digital power supplies. Uninterrupted power supplies (UPS) block schematics. Programmable power supplies.

PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATORS: Elements of photovoltaic power systems. Fabrication of cells. Design of a converter.

POWER AND LOAD CONNECTIONS: Power board. AC supply leads and standards. AC common and grounding leads. Isolation transformer. AC line regulation. Load connections: DC output characteristics. DC distribution terminals (DT). Decoupling capacitors. Ground return points.

SPACE SWITCHING: Multiple stage switching: Blocking probabilities Lee graphs, Jacobeus, Folded Four–wire switches, path-firing switching and its implementations.

TIME DIVISION SWITCHING: Digital time division switching and its implementation. DIGITAL-DIMENSIONAL SWITCHING: STS switching, TST switching,

NO. 4 ESS TOLL switch DIGITAL CROSS CONNECT SYSTEMS: Consolidation and segregation. DCS Hierarchy- Integrated cross – connect equipment CASE STUDIES: Alcatel 1000, 512, EMX 25000 etc.

Architecture, hardware and software implementation, equipment practice. DIGITAL SWITCHING IN AN ANALOG ENVIRONMENT: Zero loss switching, BORSCHIT, conferencing, transmultiplexing.

BROADBAND ATM SWITCH: Architecture and operation, ATM multiplier, ATM cross-connects. EXCHANGE DESIGN AND SPECIFICATION.

Bias-variance dilemma. Curse of dimensionality. Linear stochastic models. ARMA modelling. Stability of linear stochastic models.

Introduction to statistical estimation theory. Properties of estimators; bias and variance. Role of the Cramer-Rao lower bound. Minimum variance unbiased estimator.

Best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) and maximum likelihood estimation. Maximum likelihood estimator. Bayesian estimation.

Least square estimation: orthogonality principle, block and sequential forms. Wiener filtering, adaptive filtering and signal modelling.

Simple non-linear adaptive filtering. Concept of an artificial neuron. Applications: acoustic echo cancellation and signal enhancement, inverse system modelling and denoising.

submit a comprehensive report in accordance with Departmental guidelines, and defend the project at the end of the session. A project status report is to be presented at the end of first semester.

ACTIVE LITER FUNCTIONS: Low, High, Band-Pass, Band-Reject, Notch fillers and State variable fillers; Gain and delay equalizers; Bode, Butterworth and Chebyshev approximations;

Elliptic and Bessel approximations; Basic filter synthesis; Cascade approach; Negative feedback topology; Positive feedback; Bi-quad circuits; The 3-amp bi-quad.

DIRECT REPLACEMENT OF INDUCTANCES: Simulated, grounded and floating inductor; Variation of simulated inductance with frequency; Positive impedance inverters; Gyrators; Negative impedance converters; Synthesis of ideal amps embedded in RC networks: Sallen and Key circuits Sensitivity Analysis.

Types, functions and structure of browsers (e.g. Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Opera etc); Search engines (e.g. Google, Yahoo, Bing, etc);

Software robots (crawlers), URL and database query; File sharing and downloading; E-mail and instant messaging (SMTP, MIME, POP, IMAP, MSP, etc); Encryption;

Study of web-based applications like Bluetooth, WebTV, MP3/4 players, chat-rooms, etc; Social Networking; Web-based information service; Directory structure;

Web servers; Introduction to web design and content development using HTML, XML, php, javascripts, mySQL etc

Advanced memory systems (non-blocking caches, multi-porting/banking and virtual memory); Instruction Pipelining; Optimisation; Peripherals and Interfaces;

Standard Bus Systems (e.g. SCSI, SATA and PCI); Peripheral Performance Enhancement; Processor data path design and control (hardwired and programmed);

Advanced processor designs (Syperscalar and out-of-order execution); Introduction to multiprocessor architectures and performance.

VLSI: Introduction to VLSI technology; MOS transistor theory; Inverter circuits; Data and control flow; MOS processing and design rules; Integration and system fabrication;

Logic design with MOS; Architecture and design of system controllers; System timing; Signal processing using MOS VLSI technology.

(Their history, evolution and the extent to which they imperil information in computers); Networking and wireless security;

Use and limitations of firewalls and DMZs in protecting networks; Design of Network security systems; Intrusion detection and its associated problems; Applied cryptography; Fundamental methodology on how to design and analyze security-critical systems.

Holding-time distributions. NETWORKING BLOCKING PROBABILITIES: End-to-end blocking probabilities. Overflow traffic. LOSS SYSTEM: Lost calls cleared.

Lost calls returned. Lost calls held.. Lost calls cleared finite sources. Lost calls held finite sources. Dimensioning circuits. Switched networks. DELAY SYSTEMS: Exponential services times, constant services times. Finite queues. Tandem queues.

Dimensioning data networks. Pollaczek-Khinchine delay formula. TRAFFIC MONITORING AND FORECASTING: Measuring network usage in circuit switched and packet switched networks. Networks and LANs.

Forecasting models and fitting the forecasting model. NETWORK TRAFFIC CONTROL: Heirarchical network. Wilkinson-Rapp equivalent random method. Trunk reservation.

Crankback or automatic re-routing (AAR) and dynamic routing. Network design. Extending and replacing networks. CONTAINING NETWORK OVERLOAD: The effect of congestion. Network management systems and control.